Intangiriro

Ikidendezi cy’ubucuruzi, kizwi kandi ku izina rya "mempool," ni ahantu ho kubika by'agateganyo ibicuruzwa bitaremezwa kuri bariyeri mu gihe bagitegereje kwemezwa no kwinjizwa mu kibanza. Kuba havutse Bitcoin byatumye hashyirwaho igitekerezo cya mempool. yabereye muri mempool.

Iragumaho kugeza abayyemeje bemeza kandi bakayishyira mubice bishya. Ibicuruzwa byashyikirijwe mempool byateguwe hashingiwe kumafaranga yo gucuruza, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite amafaranga menshi ya gaze mubisanzwe birangizwa mbere. Ibi bituma abemeza bashira imbere ibikorwa byamafaranga menshi kuko bakira amafaranga ya gaze nkibihembo kubikorwa byashyizwe mumabuye bacukuramo nkuko byongewe kumurongo.

Mempools ikora nkibice byingenzi byo guhagarika, kubikoresha. Mempool yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byatanzwe bitunganywa kandi bikemezwa nababyemeje, usibye mugihe ibicuruzwa bitemewe kubera umukono utari wo cyangwa aho ikotomoni yohereje yabuze amafaranga. Mempool ikora isoko ryemerera abakoresha guhitamo amafaranga akwiye yo kugurisha kugirango ibikorwa byabo bitunganyirizwe vuba mugihe cyumuvuduko wurusobe.

Ethereum na Bitcoin bifite umubare rusange wa 50k-200k ibikorwa bitaremezwa muri mempool yabo. Ibi akenshi biterwa no kuboneka kwumwanya kandi inshuro nyinshi zitera inzitizi nyinshi murusobe, nkibisohoka bike hamwe nubucucike murusobe. Porotokole yo gusebanya ikoreshwa muri Ethereum na Bitcoin kugirango ikwirakwize memepoole hagati yimpanuka zidasanzwe muburyo bwurungano.

Hano hari abarenga 1.000 kuri enterineti ya Solana kandi barashobora gucunga ubunini bwa mempool ingana na 130.000. Ibi bivuze ko hamwe numuyoboro winjiza 65.000, 130,000 mempool irakorwa, kandi Solana irashobora gukora hejuru ya 4000 kugeza 4500 kumasegonda. Solana, imikorere-yimikorere ihanitse, ifatwa nkumwanya muto wa mempool kuko wakozwe kuva mugitangira kutishingikiriza kuri mempool; Ahubwo, ikoresha uburyo butandukanye nkuko isunika ubutumwa bwubucuruzi bwose kugirango bushyireho umukono kuri buri mwanya, washyizweho umuyobozi. Umuyobozi asimbuza buri bice 4, kandi gahunda yumuyobozi irazwi mbere na rezo zose zikora. Iki gisubizo, Solana yashyize imbere, gisunika ubutumwa bwubucuruzi bwihishe kumurongo wurusobe kandi bwitwa Solana Gulf Stream .

Icyitonderwa: Ibikorwa bya Solana muburyo budasanzwe bigomba kubamo guhagarika vuba, abitezimbere bashobora kubona byoroshye hamwe numuhamagaro wibanze wa API. A Solana blockhash ifite ibibanza bigera kuri 150. Irahagarara nyuma yiki gihe, bityo ibikorwa bivuga bizagabanywa numuyoboro. Ibi byemeza ko ibikorwa bidatunganijwe bidashobora gutinda. Hagarika hashes vuba ubufasha mugikorwa cyo kugabanya.

Amateka yinzuzi

Kuva yatangizwa, Ikigobe cya Stream cyabonye byibuze ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi - QUIC na QoS ifite uburemere. Nibindi bigize protocole yibanze yavugaga ko yahuye ningorabahizi mumyaka yashize kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bwimodoka kuri Solana. Kugira ngo tubyerekane neza, mugihe uwabyemeje afashe inshingano z'umuyobozi, barashobora gutegereza kwiyongera gukabije kwimodoka zinjira, akenshi zirenga gigabyte imwe kumasegonda, kuko umuyoboro wose wohereza paki inzira zabo.

IKIBAZO

Ku ikubitiro, Solana yishingikirije kuri protokole ya UDP kugirango yohereze ubutumwa bwubucuruzi buva kuri node ya RPC kumuyobozi uriho. Mugihe UDP yihuta kandi ikora neza kubera kubura ibiganiro byintoki, ifite ibibi bikomeye, nko kutizerana mugutanga amakuru, gutumiza paki, no gukumira kwigana. Izi mbogamizi zagaragaye mugihe cyo guhagarika imiyoboro yatewe nigitero cya DDoS hamwe nubucuruzi bwa spam, cyane cyane mugihe gikenewe cyane nka NFT mints.

Solana yinjije protocole ya QUIC muburyo bwo kuyifata kugirango ikemure ibyo bibazo. Bitandukanye na UDP, QUIC itanga amakuru yizewe hamwe no kugenzura ibicuruzwa hamwe no gutondekanya paki, bigatuma itumanaho ryoroha kandi ryizewe hagati yumutwe. Iri vugurura ryatezimbere cyane imiyoboro ihamye no kwihangana, irinda guhungabana ejo hazaza no guhindura imikorere ya Solana munsi yimitwaro myinshi.

Porotokole ya QUIC ituma itumanaho ryihuta nka protokole ya UDP ariko hamwe namasomo no kugenzura ibintu nka TCP. Nubwo protocole ya QUIC ifite igipimo gito cyo kwakirwa mumirenge ya blocain, ntabwo aricyo gisubizo kimwe-cyakemutse kuri Solana kuva umuyoboro ukomeje guhura nibibazo byumubyigano mugihe benshi ba QUIC bahana. Hagati yinenge zose zihari hamwe niyi protocole, ifite ibyiza, kubera ko QUIC numuyoboro wizewe wumutekano wirinda gukenera intoki ebyiri (TCP na TLS) kandi bisaba udupaki duke kugirango twuzuze. Irashobora kuramba nyuma yo gufunga, itanga amakuru yihuse.

QUIC irashobora gukoresha isomo ikoresheje inzira n'amatike y'isomo, kugabanya umubare wabakiriya-seriveri ihuza no gutanga byihuse, umutekano. Ifasha kandi kwimuka kwimuka, kwemerera guhuza kurokoka IP ihinduka, bigatuma umukoresha wa mobile agira uburambe bwinshi. QUIC igamije kandi kugabanya cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zibitero nko Guhakana Serivisi (DoS), gusubiramo, gutekereza, kunyereza, nibindi. Nubwo idashobora gukuraho ibitero byose, igamije kurushaho gukaza umurego. Muri rusange, QUIC itanga uburambe bunoze kandi bwizewe bwo guhuza imiyoboro.

QoS ifite uburemere

Solana ifite uburemere bwa QoS ni ishyirwa mubikorwa kumurongo wa Solana ituma abayobozi bamenya kandi bagashyira imbere ibikorwa byashizweho binyuze mubyemeza byemewe nkuburyo bwiyongera bwo kurwanya Sybil. Ubu buryo bwashyizwe mu bikorwa mu muyoboro wa Solana mu ntangiriro za 2024. Muri ubu buryo, abemeza bafite imigabane myinshi mu muyoboro barashobora kohereza ubutumwa bunini bwohererezanya ubutumwa umuyobozi.

Kurugero, uwemeza ufite 0.5% byimigabane ashobora kurwanya ibitero bya Sybil biturutse kumurongo usigaye kandi bigatanga umuyobozi kugeza kuri 0.5% byapaki. Hamwe nimigabane ifite uburemere QoS ishoboye, uwemerewe gufata imigabane 1% azaba afite uburenganzira bwo kohereza umuyobozi kugeza kuri 1% yamapaki. Muri ubu buryo, abemeza bafite imigabane myinshi bijejwe guhabwa serivise nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibuza abemeza ubuziranenge buke (bafite ibyago bike) kutuzuza nkana ibyo bicuruzwa, bikazamura muri rusange kurwanya Sybil.

Itangizwa ryubu buryo ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije bya Solana, hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’ubucuruzi bya RPC n’ubucuruzi byungurana ibitekerezo nk’abagenerwabikorwa ba mbere. Abakozi ba RPC bahagaze neza kugirango babone amasezerano hamwe nababifitemo uruhare, bizabafasha kugera ku ijanisha ryinshi ryibikorwa bikubiye muri blok. Hagati aho, kungurana ibitekerezo cyangwa andi mashyirahamwe yakira byombi byemewe na RPC ku bikorwa remezo bimwe birashobora kwizera byimazeyo imiterere muri sisitemu zabo, uzi ko imiyoboro ya RPC ku bikorwa remezo byizewe.

Itandukaniro Hagati ya Solana na Gakondo ya Mempool Ubwubatsi

Hariho itandukaniro ryinshi mumyubakire ya mempool ya Solana na Ethereum.

• Muri Ethereum blockchain, ibicuruzwa bitegereje bikorerwa mumagambo rusange kandi bigatatanwa binyuze mumasezerano yo gusebanya hirya no hino kugeza bishyizwe mubice. Solana ntabwo afite mempool rusange. Ahubwo, gutegereza ibicuruzwa bisunikwa kubayobozi bariho.

• Ibicuruzwa bya Ethereum bisaba amafaranga ya gaze, hamwe nibikorwa byambere mubusanzwe bifitanye isano nigiciro cya gaze. Ibicuruzwa bya Solana bisaba amafaranga fatizo yagenwe kuri buri mukono (mubisanzwe 0.000005 SOL), hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyiramo amafaranga yambere kugirango irangizwa ryihuse.

• Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo bya Solana nabyo bitanga umusaruro uhoraho. Ibicuruzwa bihora biza mubyemeza kugirango bikorwe, hanyuma uhagarike umusaruro, hanyuma amaherezo yo kwamamaza. Kuri Ethereum , ibicuruzwa bitegereje bifatwa nuwabyemeje cyangwa umwubatsi wubaka mbere yuko ibice byose bikorerwa mumasegonda 12-masegonda. Gukomeza guhagarika ibicuruzwa bisobanura ko amafaranga yambere adatanga garanti yumwanya.

• Ethereum iterwa na cyamunara yo hanze nka MEV-Boost, aho abayemerera gupiganira umwanya hamwe nabacukuzi bashobora gukuramo amafaranga binyuze muri MEV (agaciro gakurwa cyane). Ubu bwoko bwa cyamunara bufite isoko ryiganje (hafi 85% byurusobe). Solana yashyize mu bikorwa cyamunara yo hanze (Jito), igabanya imigabane ku isoko (hafi 25%). Ibi birerekana itandukaniro ryuburyo Solana na Ethereum bitwara MEV hamwe na cyamunara yibibanza muri ecosystems zabo.

Umwanzuro

Muri iki gice, twasuzumye uburyo budasanzwe bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya Solana, twibanze kuri protocole yayo ya Gulf Stream nuburyo itandukanye nubwubatsi bwa mempool gakondo nkubwa Ethereum. Twagaragaje Solana ikomeje guhagarika umusaruro, amafaranga yagenwe yagenwe, hamwe no gukoresha udushya QUIC hamwe na QoS ifite uburemere bwa QoS kugirango tunoze imikorere yumutekano numutekano.